Timeline
of Historical Events in Therapeutic Recreation
·
Early
History: Ancient cultures used games, gardening, and music
along with other modalities to help those who struggled with mental
disabilities.
·
Middle
Ages:
Those with disabilities were maltreated because they were seen as being
possessed or used as entertainment for the wealthy.
·
1700s:
Phillippe
Pinel supported recreational activities to help those who were mentally ill,
and Jean Itard developed recreational training techniques for those with mental
disabilities. This was the beginning of the moral treatment method.
·
1873:
Florence
Nightengale established recreation huts for injured soldiers
·
Early
1900s: Dorothea Dix became a key reformer in relieving
overcrowding and poor custodial care in mental institutions.
·
1909:
First
known course in professional recreation is taught at an institution of higher
learning.
·
1919:
The
American Red Cross formally organizes a division of recreation in hospitals.
·
1932:
The
White House Conference on Child Health and Protection acknowledges the need for
recreation.
·
1938:
First
time the term therapeutic recreation appears in federal legislation.
·
1948:
The
Hospital Recreation Section is formed at the national Congress of the American
Recreation Society.
·
1952:
A
recreation therapy section is established with the recreation division of the
American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation.
·
1953:
The
National Association of Recreational Therapists (NART) is organized.
·
1955:
Recreation for the
Handicapped is
printed, one of the earliest university textbooks in therapeutic recreation.
·
1963:
Vocational
Rehabilitation Act: first recognition by a federal agency of the usefulness of
recreation in rehabilitation settings.
·
1963:
Funds
provided for graduate study in therapeutic recreation at selected colleges and
universities.
·
1966:
The
National Therapeutic Recreation Society (NTRS) becomes a branch of the National
Recreation and Park Association (NRPA).
·
1967:
Richard
Nixon decreased the number of those with mental disabilities in public
institutions by one-third. Many moved from the institutions into the community.
·
1967:
The
Therapeutic Recreation Journal is
started by NTRS
·
1968:
Architectural
Barriers Act: states that any building constructed by federal funds must be
accessible to and usable by the physically handicapped.
·
1973:
Rehabilitation
Act of 1973: individuals shall not be discriminated against solely by reason of
their handicap.
·
1975:
PL
94-142, or the Education of All Handicapped Children Act, requires free and
appropriate education for all handicapped children.
·
1975:
Utah
establishes a licensing procedure for TR personnel. All recreation therapists
must pass an examination and be certified. Georgia follows in 1981.
·
1978:
Standards
of practice in community-based programs printed by NTRS.
·
1979:
Standards
of practice in specialized clinical and residential service settings formalized
by NTRS.
·
1981:
The National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC) becomes independent of NRPA/NTRS and
the American Association for Leisure and Recreation.
·
1982:
NTRS
adopts a national philosophical position statement.
·
1984:
The
American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA) is founded.
·
1989:
George H.W. Bush signed into law PL 101-336, the Americans with Disabilities
Act, which guaranteed rights to accessibility of public buildings and services
to people with disabilities.
·
1991:
ATRA
publishes their version of standards of practice.
·
1994:
NCTRC
announces phase-out of the Certified Therapeutic Recreation Assistant program.
·
1998:
Alliance
for Therapeutic Recreation is formed. ATRA and NTRS agree to work jointly to
benefit consumers of therapeutic recreation and the profession.
·
When
did NTRS and ATRA merge?
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